Page 10 - Clinical Connections - Autumn 2020

黑料社 RESEARCH STUDY VETERINARY SERVICES 黑料社.AC.UK Critical Care
PIONEERING APPROACH TO CANINE BAARBITURATE POISONING
dog that went into a coma after ingesting a potentially fatal quantity of phenobarbitone recovered at
the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA) with the help of extracorporeal therapy and intensive care provided by the Critical Care team.
Though extracorporeal renal replacement therapy has been used to save the lives
of many animals at the 黑料社 since 2012,
it was the first time the team has treated a dog experiencing phenobarbitone overdose using haemodialysis.
The extracorporeal therapy team has been treating dogs and cats using our Prismaflex machine for patients with acute kidney injury, immune-mediated diseases (e.g. IMHA, myasthenia or polyradiculoneuritis) and cutaneous renal glomerular vasculopathy (CGRV).
Jonah, an 18-month-old cocker spaniel, appears to have swallowed the whole bottle of his brother鈥檚 anticonvulsant medication, which had been prescribed for epilepsy. Jonah was suspected to have ingested
200 mg/kg of phenobarbitone, which is a potentially lethal dose.
His condition rapidly worsened, and the decision to refer him for extracorporeal therapy to remove the drug from his circulation was made a day after the ingestion. He presented comatose and hypoventilating upon arrival at the QMHA, had no gag reflex and required immediate endotracheal intubation to protect his airway. Mechanical ventilation was commenced to support his breathing.
Haemodialysis was then initiated
using the QMHA鈥檚 Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) machine. Jonah responded very well to the haemodialysis and during the cycle
the team observed him gradually start
to respond. Respiratory support was discontinued two hours later and after only four hours from starting the treatment he was responsive.
Unfortunately, in his comatose state prior to arrival at the QMHA, Jonah had aspirated, and intracellular bacteria were found on an endotracheal wash prior to removing his tube. This is a common complication in comatose patients. He was started on antibiotics to treat aspiration pneumonia and there was subsequently no deterioration of his clinical condition. Jonah鈥檚 neurological improvement
10 Autumn2020
continued after the haemodialysis cycle and, over the following day, he became progressively more alert and ambulatory.
Fortunately, the phenobarbitone overdose did not have any overt
clinical consequences on other organs
鈥� although as a precaution he was administered hepatoprotectant medication (S-adenylmethionine and ursodeoxycholic acid). A check-up at his usual practice the following week confirmed that his liver function appeared completely normal. Jonah鈥檚 family reported that within a couple of days of discharge he was energetic and back to his normal mischievous self and playing with his brother.
Stefano Cortellini, Senior Lecturer in Emergency and Critical Care and Co-Head of the extracorporeal therapy programme, said: 鈥淛onah鈥檚 case is a perfect example of the advancement of veterinary medicine. Whilst only a few years ago intoxications like this would have been treated just supportively, we now have the tools to actively reduce the severity of clinical
signs and have an impact on outcome with minimally invasive procedures.鈥�
Tom Greensmith, Lecturer in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, added: 鈥淛onah鈥檚 case highlights that haemodialysis for suitable intoxications can be a highly effective tool and can dramatically hasten the patient鈥檚 clinical improvement. Having the expertise, technology and resources to provide many different forms of extracorporeal therapy, including haemodialysis, therapeutic plasma exchange and cardiopulmonary bypass, allows us to help treat patients with a very broad range of otherwise potentially life-limiting disorders.
鈥淭his is another case representing
the support that the QMHA can give to our referring vets and to our pets. A true team effort and enthusiasm in pushing boundaries in veterinary medicine allowed a rapid intervention, instituting rapidly mechanical ventilation and completing a cycle within eight hours from arrival.鈥�
For small animal referrals, please call: 01707 666399
Email: qmhreception@rvc.ac.uk